HIV/AIDS - Related

Critical Questions for 2012

ian — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -0500

From international security and regional study to global challenges, CSIS experts will address many of the world's most difficult policy concerns and critical questions in 2012. To kick off the new year, we asked 25 of our scholars to identity what worries them most and what are the biggest opportunities in their respective areas of study.

Terra Nova

jdunton — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 00:00:00 -0500

Seven years ago, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) made its first investments in South Africa, the heart of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic. These historic investments quickly grew to become the largest single bilateral health account in the world. The resulting story of U.S.

The Global Health Initiative in Malawi

jdunton — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 00:00:00 -0500

The Obama administration designated Malawi as a GHI Plus country in June 2010, one of the first eight countries selected to implement the Global Health Initiative’s (GHI) more comprehensive approach to global health and serve as learning labs for other GHI country programs.

Scaling up Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV

jdunton — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 00:00:00 -0500

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is an essential tool in the fight against HIV.

Improving Women's Health in South Africa

jdunton — Thu, 27 Oct 2011 00:00:00 -0400

A period of major change is unfolding in health and HIV services in South Africa, carrying opportunities and risks for delivering effective, integrated health services that improve health outcomes and save lives. South Africa is decentralizing HIV services to the primary health care level, paving the way for greater integration to address women’s health and to reduce maternal mortality.

The United States and South Africa Have no Choice but to Re-Order their HIV/AIDS Relationship. But How can it be Done?

ecurran — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 00:00:00 -0400

The story of US engagement in South Africa to battle HIV/AIDS over the past decade is one of strategic choice, sustained commitment, and significant human impact, matched by recent strong action by the South African government to assert its leadership in reversing the course of its AIDS epidemic.

The Defense Department’s Enduring Contributions to Global Health

ian — Tue, 28 Jun 2011 00:00:00 -0400

In the spring of 2010, CSIS launched a year-long, independent examination of the U.S. Army and Navy overseas medical research laboratories. The impetus was an awareness that despite the laboratories’ impressive scientific accomplishments and contributions to U.S.

HIV Prevention among Injection Drug Users in Kenya and Tanzania

jdunton — Fri, 29 Apr 2011 00:00:00 -0400

While overall growth in numbers of new HIV infections has slowed in most regions of the world, infections linked to injection drug use (IDU) continue to grow. This trend has been most pronounced in Eastern Europe and Central Asia; however, new infections related to injection drug use also appear to be growing in East Africa.

On the Ground with the Global Health Initiative

jdunton — Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0500

In December 2010, the Global Health Policy Center at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) organized a trip to Kenya to examine progress in implementing the U.S. government’s Global Health Initiative (GHI). This trip followed an earlier mission to Kenya in August 2009 that had helped inform the recommendations of the CSIS Commission on Smart Global Health Policy.

Lessons from Kenya for the Global Health Initiative

jdunton — Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 -0500

The Obama administration’s Global Health Initiative (GHI), announced in May 2009 as a six-year, $63-billion program, has put a strong emphasis on integration of health services, building largely on the work of PEPFAR.

U.S. Engagement in Indian Health Care

jdunton — Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 -0500

When India became independent in 1947, the country was known for its grinding poverty, crushing illiteracy, and omnipresent illness. Six decades later, India has made enormous advances in both economic development and human quality of life.

Linkages between Gender, AIDS, and Development

jdunton — Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 -0500

Global health, development, and gender are now understood to be dynamic and interlinked components of U.S. foreign policy.

The UN Millennium Development Goals Summit: 10-Year Anniversary

ian — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 00:00:00 -0400

Q1: What are the Millennium Development Goals?

Public Health in South Asia

jdunton — Thu, 15 Jul 2010 00:00:00 -0400

South Asia, a region of strategic importance, faces public health challenges on a demographic and geographic scale unmatched in the world. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are home to nearly one-fifth of the world’s population. Even more dramatic, however, these countries are home to two-thirds of the world’s population living on less than $1 a day.

Strengthening Global Health Preparedness

jdunton — Fri, 25 Jun 2010 00:00:00 -0400

The world has entered an era in which the numbers of new and reemerging global health threats argue for a longer-term, more strategic, and more coherent U.S. approach to global health preparedness.

HIV Prevention among Injection Drug Users

jdunton — Wed, 07 Apr 2010 00:00:00 -0400

In 2008, the United States agreed to extend and expand its historic global HIV/AIDS program, authorizing up to $48 billion over five years to combat global HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.

Report of the CSIS Commission on Smart Global Health Policy

jdunton — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 -0400

As the United States applies smart power to advance U.S. interests around the world, it is time to leverage the essential role that U.S. global health policy can play. Americans have long understood that promoting global health advances our basic humanitarian values in saving and enhancing lives. In recent years, support for global health has also proven its broader value in bolstering U.S. national security and building constructive new partnerships.

Innovative Financing for Global Health

jdunton — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 -0400

In this paper, the authors assess some of the most promising new financing mechanisms for global health, describing their current status, actual and potential benefits, and limitations. They also examine the prospects for increased U.S. involvement in innovative financing for global health, discuss some of the barriers that have hampered U.S.

Prevention of New HIV Infections

jdunton — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -0500

Building on its work of the last several years, the CSIS HIV Prevention Working Group organized in the summer of 2009 a consultation on “Revisiting U.S.

Kenya Trip Report

jdunton — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 -0500

Members of the CSIS Commission on Smart Global Health Policy, led by commission cochairs Helene Gayle (president and CEO of CARE) and Admiral William Fallon (USN ret.), traveled to Kenya for a three-day mission, in partnership with CARE, from August 8–12, 2009. The delegation focused on a core set of questions, ultimately intended to inform commission recommendations to U.S.

U.S.-Russia Collaboration on Health

jdunton — Thu, 30 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0400

Despite a decade of pre-financial-crisis economic growth, Russia continues to suffer from health challenges unprecedented for an advanced industrial society in peacetime. The persistence of these maladies remains a mystery, and their magnitude and nature are reported unevenly in the Western media. Recent Kremlin domestic health policy initiatives hint at promising new directions.

International Family Planning

jdunton — Thu, 23 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0400

The election of Barack Obama has fundamentally changed the landscape for the debates around U.S. support for international family planning (FP) programs.

Using Measurement to Drive Results

jdunton — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 00:00:00 -0400

We are in the midst of a major transition in the core U.S. goals for global health. During the period 2003–2008, the predominant goal was to respond to a health emergency, through large-scale, dramatic, single-disease initiatives: the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and subsequently the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI).

China's Capacity to Manage Infectious Diseases

Tue, 31 Mar 2009 00:00:00 -0400

During the Seventeenth Party Congress in October 2007, it was clear that improving health care in China had become a political priority for the country’s leadership. Three decades of double-digit economic growth had not been matched by progress in China’s ability to prevent and treat diseases.

African Churches and AIDS Prevention: Much Still to Be Learned

Online Africa Policy Forum — Mon, 19 May 2008 00:00:00 -0400

In October 2007, the Berkley Center at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.’s famed Jesuit institution, released a report entitled Faith Communities Engage the HIV/AIDS Crisis.

AIDS Policy: Integrating HIV Prevention Services for Women

Online Africa Policy Forum — Mon, 07 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0400

During his recent Africa tour, President Bush rightly highlighted the significant results of his HIV/AIDS strategy, but indicated that he would be willing to “change the tactics” if the strategy was not working. Despite impressive gains, there is an important area where U.S. AIDS policy is lacking: prevention of HIV infection for women.

Male Circumcision, HIV Prevention, and Support for Health Systems in Africa

Online Africa Policy Forum — Mon, 03 Mar 2008 00:00:00 -0500

In the past few years, clinical trials in Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa confirmed that male circumcision (MC) reduces the risk of transmission of HIV infection by approximately 60%. This news generated a flurry of activity in 2006 and 2007 by the international HIV/AIDS donor community, including WHO/UNAIDS and PEPFAR (the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, a U.S.

U.S. Policy Options for Strengthening Coordination between Global HIV/AIDS and TB Programs

Online Africa Policy Forum — Mon, 18 Feb 2008 00:00:00 -0500

Over the past two decades, the relentless spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has amplified the global tuberculosis (TB) pandemic, which had previously been coming under increasing control. Currently, approximately one third of those living with HIV around the world are coinfected with TB.

The Next Step: Civil Society Mobilization in Africa’s AIDS Fight

Online Africa Policy Forum — Mon, 14 Jan 2008 00:00:00 -0500

In the past seven years, the world has witnessed at least three hopeful trends in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Africa: (1) funding for AIDS prevention, care, support, and treatment programs has reached an all-time high; (2) the HIV prevalence rate has declined in some countries; and (3) most African governments have developed AIDS strategies and policy-making institutions.

India: Fitting HIV/AIDS into a Public Health Strategy

Tue, 20 Nov 2007 00:00:00 -0500

"India: Fitting HIV/AIDS into a Public Health Strategy", co-authored by Pramit Mitra, Vibhuti Haté, and Teresita C. Schaffer is the most recent publication of the CSIS Task Force on HIV/AIDS.

Health Worker Shortages Challenge PEPFAR Options for Strengthening Health Systems

Mon, 15 Oct 2007 00:00:00 -0400

When the President’s Emergency Program for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) was launched in 2003, Congress overtly recognized the well-documented fact that the physical and human infrastructures essentia

Making HIV Prevention Paramount in the Next Phase of the U.S. Global HIV/AIDS Response

Mon, 15 Oct 2007 00:00:00 -0400

The creation of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in 2003 marked a historic moment in the U.S. and global response to the HIV epidemic.

Priorities for Action

Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 -0400

This is a defining moment for U.S.

Advancing U.S. Leadership on Global HIV/AIDS

Fri, 04 May 2007 00:00:00 -0400

The President’s Emergency Program for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) was unveiled in 2003, just four years ago, in the middle of the first Bush administration. Follow-on events moved rapidly.

Moving Beyond the U.S. Government Policy of Inadmissibility of HIV-Infected Noncitizens

Thu, 01 Mar 2007 00:00:00 -0500

This paper provides a brief overview of U.S. law and policy concerning inadmissibility of HIV-infected applicants for immigrant and nonimmigrant visas.

Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership on HIV/AIDS

Fri, 23 Feb 2007 00:00:00 -0500

South Asia Monitor: A Hard Battle: Few Victories to Cheer in India on World AIDS Day - December 1, 2006

Thu, 30 Nov 2006 00:00:00 -0500

Almost 20 years after the first AIDS case was diagnosed in the southern city of Chennai, India is still juggling different public health priorities while maintaining and increasing its spending on HIV/AIDS programs.

AIDS and Hunger in Africa: Challenges and Responses

Online Africa Policy Forum — Mon, 20 Nov 2006 00:00:00 -0500

As the multi-faceted impact of the AIDS hyper-epidemics across southern Africa continues to intensify, we are witnessing the development of dangerous new interactions that threaten the trajectory of national social and economic development. Recognition of the complex, long-wave aspects of the AIDS crisis has been slow to dawn.

Health Issues in Africa: A Reporter’s Reflections

Online Africa Policy Forum — Fri, 27 Oct 2006 00:00:00 -0400

After three years covering Africa for the Boston Globe, a few random thoughts about health issues looming ahead on the continent:

With the advent of widespread antiretroviral treatment for AIDS patients, AIDS is thankfully becoming a chronic illness in some of the poorest places on earth. But that presents many new challenges as well.

“Time to Deliver:” Summing Up the Sixteenth International AIDS Conference

Online Africa Policy Forum — Fri, 06 Oct 2006 00:00:00 -0400

For one whirlwind week in August 2006, more than 26,000 attendees from 170 countries participated in the sixteenth biennial International AIDS Conference, held in Toronto. As a co-chair of the conference, I spent two years – along with the other co-chair, Dr. Mark Wainberg of McGill University, and the International AIDS Society – trying to help make it a success.

Assessing HIV/AIDS Initiatives in China

Wed, 28 Jun 2006 00:00:00 -0400

CSIS HIV/AID Task Force’s new report examines persistent challenges and gaps in the prevention and control of the epidemic in China. The report notes that a more comprehensive, coordinated, and concerted national and international response to China’s HIV/AIDS challenge is still at a relatively early stage. The report also assesses many “best practices” and in

South Asia Monitor: The Private Sector and HIV/AIDS: Finding Models for India

Fri, 03 Feb 2006 00:00:00 -0500

India continues to struggle with different public health priorities, while maintaining and increasing its spending on HIV/AIDS programs. As the Indian government shifts its focus from prevention to treatment, the financial resources required will grow exponentially.

Future Watch, August 2005: China's HIV/AIDS Crisis

Mon, 01 Aug 2005 00:00:00 -0400

While SARS and avian flu make headlines across the world, another deadly, less apparent disease is creeping across China at rates that could have serious implications for the health of the Chinese people and the country’s economic future.

Engaging India: The U.S. Role in India's Fight against HIV/AIDS (A Report of the CSIS Task Force on HIV/AIDS)

Wed, 01 Jun 2005 00:00:00 -0400

The CSIS South Asia Program, directed by Ambassador Teresita Schaffer, seeks to increase understanding of the Indian HIV/AIDS epidemic in Washington and India policymaking circles and among government, business, think tank, NGO, and other opinion leaders.

South Asia Monitor: Engaging India: U.S. Role in Combating the HIV/AIDS Pandemic - June 1, 2005

Wed, 01 Jun 2005 00:00:00 -0400

The HIV/AIDS epidemic is both a major international issue for the United States and one of the most serious questions hanging over India’s future, extending beyond public health into India’s economic and social prospects. Since 1986, when the first case was reported in India, HIV has spread rapidly from urban to rural areas and from high-risk groups to the general population.

Strategy for the Second Wave: Learning from India's Experience with HIV/AIDS

Mon, 01 Nov 2004 00:00:00 -0500

The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) hosted a conference on September 9, 2004, entitled "Strategy for the Second Wave: Learning from India's Experience with HIV/AIDS".

South Asia Monitor: India and HIV/AIDS: Fighting back - September 7, 2004

Tue, 07 Sep 2004 00:00:00 -0400

New information on HIV prevalence in Asia has focused attention on India's AIDS epidemic. India is at the heart of what experts have termed the "second wave" of HIV/AIDS.

Defusing China's Time Bomb

Tue, 13 Apr 2004 00:00:00 -0400

South Asia Monitor: HIV/AIDS Lessons from India - March 3, 2004

Wed, 03 Mar 2004 00:00:00 -0500

Eighteen years after the first AIDS patient was diagnosed in the country, India has entered a critical period in its fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

India at the Crossroads: Confronting the HIV/AIDS Challenge

Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 -0500

This report incorporates extensive input from members of the CSIS delegation and reflects their broad consensus view. The report's findings and recommendations are based on the experiences of the delegation and do not necessarily reflect the policies and opinions of any individual, organization, corporation, or U.S. government agency.